Wavelength Scaling of High Harmonic Generation Efficiency

Abstract

Using longer wavelength laser drivers for high harmonic generation is desirable because the highest extreme ultraviolet frequency scales as the square of the wavelength. Recent numerical studies predict that high harmonic efficiency falls dramatically with increasing wavelength, with a very unfavorable ${\lambda }^{-(5-6)}$ scaling. We performed an experimental study of the high harmonic yield over a wavelength range of 800–1850 nm. A thin gas jet was employed to minimize phase matching effects, and the laser intensity and focal spot size were kept constant as the wavelength was changed. Ion yield was simultaneously measured so that the total number of emitting atoms was known. We found that the scaling at constant laser intensity is ${\lambda }^{-6.3\pm 1.1}$ in Xe and ${\lambda }^{-6.5\pm 1.1}$ in Kr over the wavelength range of 800–1850 nm, somewhat worse than the theoretical predictions.