Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To determine the prevalence and characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who have impaired renal function, defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) −1 · 1.73 m⁻², and normoalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cross-sectional survey of 301 outpatients attending a single tertiary referral center using the plasma disappearance of isotopic ^99mTc-diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid to measure GFR and at least two measurements of urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) over 24 h to determine albuminuria. RESULTS—A total of 109 patients (36%) had a GFR −1 · 1.73 m⁻². The overall prevalence of normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria was 43 of 109 (39%), 38 of 109 (35%), and 28 of 109 (26%), respectively. Compared with patients with macroalbuminuria, those with normoalbuminuria were more likely to be older and female. After excluding patients whose normoalbuminuric status was possibly related to the initiation of a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor before the start of the study, the prevalence of a GFR −1 · 1.73 m⁻² and normoalbuminuria was 23%. Temporal changes in GFR in a subset of 34 of 109 (32%) unselected patients with impaired renal function were available for comparison over a 3- to 10-year period. The rates of decline in GFR (ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻² · year⁻¹) of −4.6 ± 1.0, −2.8 ± 1.0, and −3.0 ± 07 were not significantly different for normo- (n = 12), micro- (n = 12), and macroalbuminuric (n = 10) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes can commonly progress to a significant degree of renal impairment while remaining normoalbuminuric.