Initiatives to address the problem of diffuse pollution in the UK are reviewed. Characteristics of the problem and key pollutants are identified: oil, pesticides, sediment, organic wastes, faecal pathogens, nutrient, trace metals and solvents; of importance to potable supplies as well as causing environmental pollution. Options to address the problem include action by central government, limited regulatory activity by environment agencies, and educational campaigns. Examples of several UK initiatives are given. Factors in considering effectiveness of measures are proposed, (i) in measurable improvements in the environment and (ii) in indirect measures, eg. numbers of BMP's provided, kilometres of buffer zone established, tonnage of waste oil recycled etc.