Checkrein Shoulder

Abstract

TWENTY years ago Codman,¹ in his classic work on the shoulder, described "frozen" shoulder as "difficult to define, difficult to treat, and difficult to explain from the point of view of Pathology." Since then progress has been made, but the problem remains far from solved.Etiology, in particular, is not clear. The condition occurs in middle life, more often in women than in men. It has been well established that arthritis and other general metabolic diseases play no part. Major trauma is rarely a factor. Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and the other elements of the rotator cuff, although painful, . . .