Insights from Modeling the Tertiary Structure of Human BACE2

Abstract

BACE1, or β-secretase, is a putative prime therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mapping to the Down syndrome critical region (chromosome 21) and identified as a homologue of BACE1, BACE2 also cleaves amyloid precursor protein at the β-site. Thus, BACE2, named also as Asp1 or Memapsin1, represents a second β-secretase candidate. In this paper, the tertiary structure of the protease domain of BACE2 was developed. Although the overall structural topology between BACE1 and BACE2 protease domains is quite similar, the former contains 3 disulfide bonds but the latter only two. Particularly, a subtle structural difference around the DTG/DSG active site between the two structures has been observed that is useful for the in-depth selectivity study of BACE1 and BACE2 inhibitors, stimulating new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome as well. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease • Down syndrome • protease domain • DTG/DSG active site • hydrogen bond • disulfide bond