Background: Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is considered as a genuine source of Rohitaka which is mentioned in Ayurvedaclassics for Yakrit Pliha Roga (liver and spleen diseases). In different parts of India, various other species are used as substituteof Rohitaka due to non-availability of the genuine source. In Nepal, folklore traditional practitioners use Rhododendronarboreum Sm. for the treatment of jaundice and it is marketed by the name of Rohitaka. Objective: The present studyoutlines the concept of substitution. The stem bark of T. undulata (Sm.) Seem. and R. arboreum Sm. is compared on the basisof macroscopic/organoleptic evaluation, microscopic evaluation, physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis, andhigh-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Macroscopic/organoleptic evaluation,microscopic evaluation, and physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical screening were carried out using standardmethods. Semi-automatic applicator was used for HPTLC profiling. Results: Macroscopic/organoleptic evaluation showedlongitudinally fissured and fibrous fracture in T. undulata with bitter taste, while longitudinally furrowed, laminated barkwith bitter taste in R. arboreum. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of parenchyma with starch, parenchyma withcell content, and cork cells in both drugs. On physiochemical analysis, T. undulata showed greater water and alcoholicextractive value than R. arboreum. Carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols were the chemical constituents found inboth the drugs. HPTLC study revealed that there are 18 active phytoconstituents in R. arboreum barks and 24 in T. undulataon the basis of peaks observed. Conclusion: The present study revealed few common phytoconstituents found in bothT. undulata and R. arboreum.