A Review of Some Individual- and Community-Level Effect Size Indices for the Study of Risk Factors for Child and Adolescent Development
- 1 June 2000
- journal article
- review article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Vol. 60 (3), 385-410
- https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970619
Abstract
This article discusses the computation and application of various epidemiological measures of effect in educational and developmental research. Specifically, epidemiology provides a potentially important perspective for studies identifying risk factors for healthy child development. For example, it allows for the examination of both individual-level risk (the impact of risk factors on individuals experiencing them) and community-level risk (the impact of risk factors on the overall number of cases within a population). In terms of individual-level risk, issues related to the use and interpretation of the risk-ratio, the odds-ratio, and the logistic regression odds-ratio are reviewed. In addition, community-level measures of effect, such as the population-attributable fraction percentage, are examined. Implications of the design methodology (cohort study, case-control study, or representative study) on the choice and use of these measures of effect are discussed. Data from a large-scale ongoing project in developmental epidemiology are presented throughout the article for illustrative purposes.Keywords
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