The macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of linear viscoelastic heterogeneous media is defined in terms of effective relaxation moduli and creep compliances. It is shown that these effective relaxation and creep functions are related to effective elastic moduli of elastic heterogeneous media by the correspondence principle of the theory of linear viscoelasticity. This analogy is applied to the determination of macroscopic behavior of some special kinds of viscoelastic heterogeneous media, in dilatation and shear.