An all-in-one nanopore battery array
- 10 November 2014
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Nanotechnology
- Vol. 9 (12), 1031-1039
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.247
Abstract
A single nanopore structure that embeds all components of an electrochemical storage device could bring about the ultimate miniaturization in energy storage. Self-alignment of electrodes within each nanopore may enable closer and more controlled spacing between electrodes than in state-of-art batteries. Such an 'all-in-one' nanopore battery array would also present an alternative to interdigitated electrode structures that employ complex three-dimensional geometries with greater spatial heterogeneity. Here, we report a battery composed of an array of nanobatteries connected in parallel, each composed of an anode, a cathode and a liquid electrolyte confined within the nanopores of anodic aluminium oxide, as an all-in-one nanosize device. Each nanoelectrode includes an outer Ru nanotube current collector and an inner nanotube of V₂O₅ storage material, forming a symmetric full nanopore storage cell with anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte region. The V₂O₅ is prelithiated at one end to serve as the anode, with pristine V₂O₅ at the other end serving as the cathode, forming a battery that is asymmetrically cycled between 0.2 V and 1.8 V. The capacity retention of this full cell (relative to 1 C values) is 95% at 5 C and 46% at 150 C, with a 1,000-cycle life. From a fundamental point of view, our all-in-one nanopore battery array unveils an electrochemical regime in which ion insertion and surface charge mechanisms for energy storage become indistinguishable, and offers a testbed for studying ion transport limits in dense nanostructured electrode arrays.Keywords
This publication has 31 references indexed in Scilit:
- 3D Printing of Interdigitated Li‐Ion Microbattery ArchitecturesAdvanced Materials, 2013
- Conduction in ultrathin ruthenium electrodes prepared by atomic layer depositionMaterials Letters, 2012
- Ozone-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of Crystalline V2O5 Films for High Performance Electrochemical Energy StorageChemistry of Materials, 2012
- Nanoengineering Strategies for Metal–Insulator–Metal Electrostatic NanocapacitorsACS Nano, 2012
- Three-dimensional electrodes and battery architecturesMRS Bulletin, 2011
- Architectural integration of the components necessary for electrical energy storage on the nanoscale and in 3DNanoscale, 2011
- Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni Thin Films and Application to Area-Selective DepositionJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011
- Electrochemistry in Nanometer-Wide Electrochemical CellsLangmuir, 2008
- 3-D MicrobatteriesElectrochemistry Communications, 2003
- “Inner” and “outer” active surface of RuO2 electrodesElectrochimica Acta, 1990