Explicit and implicit measures of expectancy and related alcohol cognitions: A meta-analytic comparison.
- 1 March 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Psychological Association (APA) in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Vol. 24 (1), 13-25
- https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016556
Abstract
Implicit measures assess the influence of past experience on present behavior in the absence of respondents' awareness of that influence. Application of implicit measurement to expectancy and related alcohol cognition research has helped elucidate the links between alcohol-related experiences, the functioning of alcohol-related memory, and alcohol-related behavior. Despite these advances, a coherent picture of the role of implicit measurement has been difficult to achieve because of the diversity of implicit measures used. Two central questions have emerged: Do implicit measures assess a distinct aspect of the alcohol associative memory domain not accessible via explicit measurement; when compared with explicit measurement, do they offer unique prediction of alcohol consumption? To address these questions, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies using both implicit and explicit measures of alcohol expectancy and other types of alcohol-related cognition. Results indicate that implicit and explicit measures are weakly related, and although they predict some shared variance in drinking, each also contributes a unique component. Results are discussed in the context of the theoretical distinction made between the 2 types of measures.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA08333)
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Test of the Salience Asymmetry Interpretation of the Alcohol-IATExperimental Psychology, 2006
- Alcohol expectancy multiaxial assessment: A memory network-based approach.Psychological Assessment, 2004
- Using a modified Stroop task to implicitly discern the cognitive organization of alcohol expectancies.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003
- Examining alcohol outcome expectancies in laboratory and naturalistic bar settings: A within-subject experimental analysis.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2001
- Meta-Analysis: Recent Developments in Quantitative Methods for Literature ReviewsAnnual Review of Psychology, 2001
- The influence of alcohol expectancy priming and mood manipulation on subsequent alcohol consumption.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2000
- What is the connection between true and false memories? The differential roles of interitem associations in recall and recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1999
- Effects of priming positive and negative outcomes on drinking responses.Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1998
- A Neural Substrate of Prediction and RewardScience, 1997
- Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.American Psychologist, 1990