Monosaccharides versus PEG-Functionalized NPs: Influence in the Cellular Uptake
- 9 January 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Nano
- Vol. 6 (2), 1565-1577
- https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204543c
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for biomedical applications. The core composition and small size of these particles produce superparamagnetic behavior, thus facilitating their use in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetically induced therapeutic hyperthermia. However, the development and control of safe in vivo applications for NPs call for the study of cell-NP interactions and cell viability. Furthermore, as for most biotechnological applications, it is desirable to prevent unspecific cell internalization of these particles. It is also crucial to understand how the surface composition of the NPs affects their internalization capacity. Here, through accurate control over unspecific protein adsorption, size distribution, grafting density, and an extensive physicochemical characterization, we correlated the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake mechanism of 6 nm magnetic NPs coated with several types and various densities of biomolecules, such as glucose, galactose, and poly(ethylene glycol). We found that the density of the grafted molecule was crucial to prevent unspecific uptake of NPs by Vero cells. Surprisingly, the glucose-coated NPs described here showed cellular uptake as a result of lipid raft instead of clathrin-mediated cellular internalization. Moreover, these glucose-functionalized NPs could be one of the first examples of NPs being endocytosed by caveolae that finally end up in the lysosomes. These results reinforce the use of simple carbohydrates as an alternative to PEG molecules for NPs functionalization when cellular uptake is required.Keywords
This publication has 77 references indexed in Scilit:
- Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapyAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2011
- Engineering biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles for biotechnological applicationsNanoscale, 2010
- Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticlesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2010
- Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imagingAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2010
- Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicineJournal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009
- Progress in functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicineJournal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009
- Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applicationsJournal of Materials Chemistry, 2009
- Multifunctional nanoparticles – properties and prospects for their use in human medicineTrends in Biotechnology, 2008
- Nanotechnology in clinical laboratory diagnosticsClinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 2005
- Surface modification of nanoparticles to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte systemAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1995