Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland
Open Access
- 12 June 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Diabetologia
- Vol. 55 (9), 2335-2342
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2596-z
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, using Scottish national data. We identified individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Scotland between January 2005 and May 2008 using data from the national diabetes database. We calculated the prevalence of retinopathy and ORs for risk factors associated with retinopathy at first screening. Of the 51,526 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus identified, 91.4% had been screened by 31 December 2010. The median time to first screening was 315 days (interquartile range [IQR] 111–607 days), but by 2008 the median was 83 days (IQR 51–135 days). The prevalence at first screening of any retinopathy was 19.3%, and for referable retinopathy it was 1.9%. For individuals screened after a year the prevalence of any retinopathy was 20.5% and referable retinopathy was 2.3%. Any retinopathy at screening was associated with male sex (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14, 1.25), HbA1c (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06, 1.08 per 1% [11 mmol/mol] increase), systolic BP (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05, 1.08 per 10 mmHg increase), time to screening (OR for screening >1 year post diagnosis = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07, 1.17) and obesity (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.93) in multivariate analysis. The prevalence of retinopathy at first screening is lower than in previous UK studies, consistent with earlier diagnosis of diabetes. Most newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in Scotland are screened within an acceptable interval and the prevalence of referable disease is low, even in those with delayed screening.This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- Are Obesity and Anthropometry Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy?: The Diabetes Management ProjectInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2011
- Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Care, 2010
- Association of A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels With Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence in the U.S. PopulationDiabetes Care, 2009
- Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006Diabetes Care, 2009
- Implementation of national diabetes retinal screening programme is associated with a lower proportion of patients referred to ophthalmologyDiabetic Medicine, 2005
- The impact of the Health Technology Board for Scotland's grading model on referrals to ophthalmology servicesBritish Journal of Ophthalmology, 2005
- Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studiesDiabetes, 1997
- Diabetic retinopathy.BMJ, 1993
- Onset of NIDDM occurs at Least 4–7 yr Before Clinical DiagnosisDiabetes Care, 1992
- Common causes of blindness and visual handicap in the west of Scotland.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1983