Lumped-circuit elements at microwave frequencies

Abstract
Details are given of lumped capacitors, inductors, resistors, and gyrators. Active combinations of these components and encapsulated semiconductor chips include a 4-GHz tunnel-diode amplifier, a varactor-tuned X-band Gunn oscillator, a degenerate S-band parametric amplifier and an X-band Doppler radar. It is concluded that the techniques described here are useful at microwave frequencies up to X-band.