Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in women.
- 1 February 1993
- journal article
- Published by American Public Health Association in American Journal of Public Health
- Vol. 83 (2), 211-214
- https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.83.2.211
Abstract
Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is prevalent in more than 12 million Americans. A voluminous amount of data demonstrates that cigarette smoking is an important cause of cancer and coronary heart disease. However, the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes is virtually unexplored, especially in women. We examined the association between smoking and the incidence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among 114,247 female nurses who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1976. We collected exposure information and disease status prospectively for 12 years from biennially self-administered questionnaires. Current smokers had an increased risk of diabetes, and we observed a significant dose-response trend for higher risk among heavier smokers. During 1,277,589 person-years of follow-up, 2333 women were clinically diagnosed with diabetes. The relative risk of diabetes, adjusted for obesity and other risk factors, was 1.42 among women who smoked 25 or more cigarettes per day compared with nonsmokers. These data suggest that cigarette smoking may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and subsequent incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusAnnals of Epidemiology, 1992
- Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in womenThe Lancet, 1991
- Cigarette Smoking and Levels of Adrenal Androgens in Postmenopausal WomenNew England Journal of Medicine, 1988
- Effects of chronic nicotine administration of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrineLife Sciences, 1988
- Relationship of fat distribution to glucose tolerance. Results of computed tomography in male participants of the Normative Aging StudyDiabetes, 1986
- The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913Diabetes, 1985
- Early precursors of pancreatic cancer in college menJournal of Chronic Diseases, 1983
- Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution.JCI Insight, 1983
- Major factors in the development of diabetes mellitus in 10,000 menArchives of Internal Medicine, 1975
- Chi-Square Tests with One Degree of Freedom; Extensions of the Mantel- Haenszel ProcedureJournal of the American Statistical Association, 1963