Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the same day as HIV testing is feasible and leads to improved retention and virologic suppression in patients with early HIV disease, according to a trial in PLOS Medicine. The 703 participants with early HIV disease were randomized to either standard care (3 weekly visits with a social worker and physician prior to starting ART 21 days after diagnosis), or to ART initiated on the day of HIV diagnosis.