Comparing and Combining Naltrexone and Acamprosate in Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism

Abstract

ALCOHOL INFLUENCES various neurochemical systems in the central nervous system, such as the dopaminergic, GABAergic, opioid, and glutamatergic systems.^1-3 Hence, based on distinct receptor mechanisms, several pharmacologic strategies on relapse prevention and craving reduction have been developed. Two compounds, naltrexone and acamprosate, have repeatedly been investigated in separate paradigms.⁴ These drugs are supposed to influence central nervous systems responsible for the positive reinforcement of alcohol intake. Although the pharmacologic actions of both substances are different and not fully understood, any effective relapse prevention strategy would give rise to great social and socioeconomic benefits.