Ex Situ Aqueous Mineral Carbonation

Abstract

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) located in Albany, OR (formerly the Albany Research Center) has studied ex situ mineral carbonation as a potential option for carbon dioxide sequestration. Studies focused on the reaction of Ca−, Fe−, and Mg−silicate minerals with gaseous CO₂ to form geologically stable, naturally occurring solid carbonate minerals. The research included resource evaluation, kinetic studies, process development, and economic evaluation. An initial cost estimate of ∼$69/ton of CO₂ sequestered was improved with process improvements to ∼$54/ton. The scale of ex situ mineral carbonation operations, requiring ∼55 000 tons of mineral to carbonate, the daily CO₂ emissions from a 1-GW, coal-fired power plant, may make such operations impractical.