The Nature and Characteristics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

This article is an introduction to the syndrome of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), commonly known as childhood hyperactivity. It is intended as a brief review of the current research on the basic characteristics of the disorder. After reviewing a history of the many ways in which ADHD has been defined, a critique of the most recent classification system is given. A major criticism of the current definition is that it ignores very important distinctions among the attention deficit disorders, such as distinguishing between children with and without co-occurring hyperactivity. Also, a discussion of the primary symptoms of the disorder and associated problems in adjustment is provided. The article then concludes with a summary of the research on the families of children with ADHD, particularly as it relates to our understanding of the etiology of the disorder.