Delayed Superficialization of Brachiobasilic Fistula

Abstract
WHAT IS this? The dark ages!" is how Dr McCoy of the starship USS Enterprise, in their journey back in time to the late 20th century, described the medical care for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). He gave a patient with ESRD a pill, and the patient jubilantly declared, "I have a new kidney!" This seems a utopian dream for the future; however, for now patients with ESRD require long-term dialysis until they can undergo transplantation. The success of long-term hemodialysis depends on reliable high-flow angioaccess.