Pattern‐recognition receptors in human eosinophils
- 4 April 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Immunology
- Vol. 136 (1), 11-20
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03556.x
Abstract
The pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) family includes Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) -like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). They recognize various microbial signatures or host-derived danger signals and trigger an immune response. Eosinophils are multifunctional leucocytes involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory processes, including parasitic helminth infection, allergic diseases, tissue injury and tumour immunity. Human eosinophils express several PRRs, including TLR1-5, TLR7, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, Dectin-1 and RAGE. Receptor stimulation induces survival, oxidative burst, activation of the adhesion system and release of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), chemokines (interleukin-8 and growth-related oncogene-α) and cytotoxic granule proteins (eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil peroxidase and major basic protein). It is also evident that eosinophils play an immunomodulatory role by interacting with surrounding cells. The presence of a broad range of PRRs in eosinophils indicates that they are not only involved in defence against parasitic helminths, but also against bacteria, viruses and fungi. From a clinical perspective, eosinophilic PRRs seem to be involved in both allergic and malignant diseases by causing exacerbations and affecting tumour growth, respectively.Keywords
This publication has 106 references indexed in Scilit:
- Pattern Recognition Receptors and InflammationCell, 2010
- Necrotic cells trigger a sterile inflammatory response through the Nlrp3 inflammasomeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- Biglycan, a Danger Signal That Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via Toll-like and P2X ReceptorsPublished by Elsevier BV ,2009
- NLRP3/Cryopyrin Is Necessary for Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Release in Response to Hyaluronan, an Endogenous Trigger of Inflammation in Response to InjuryOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2009
- The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognitionInternational Immunology, 2009
- Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid–inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2008
- The NLR Gene Family: A Standard NomenclatureImmunity, 2008
- Eosinophils in the pathogenesis of allergic airways diseaseCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2007
- Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responsesNature Immunology, 2004
- Toll-like receptor signallingNature Reviews Immunology, 2004