The elusive nature and function of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors derived from tissue stroma that differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts when expandedin vitro. Although the properties of the in vitro-expanded progeny are well defined, the in vivobiology of MSCs is only just beginning to be elucidated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse subset of multipotent precursors present in the stromal fraction of many adult tissues and have drawn intense interest from translational and basic investigators. MSCs have been operationally defined by their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes after in vitro expansion. Nevertheless, their identity in vivo, heterogeneity, anatomical localization and functional roles in adult tissue homeostasis have remained enigmatic and are only just starting to be uncovered.