Variations in Iris Volume with Physiologic Mydriasis in Subtypes of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Abstract

Purpose.: To compare the changes in iris volume with pupil dilation using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes of subjects with different subtypes of primary angle closure. Methods.: This prospective study examined 44 fellow eyes (FA group) of subjects with previous acute primary angle closure (APAC), and 56 subjects (AC group) with chronic primary angle closure and/or primary angle closure glaucoma. All participants underwent gonioscopy and AS-OCT imaging. The iris volume, iris cross-sectional area, and pupil diameter were measured with custom semiautomated software. The main outcome variable analyzed was mean change in iris volume between light and dark conditions in a multivariate linear regression analysis. Results.: Thirty-five eyes from the FA group (79.5%) and 50 eyes from the AC group (89.3%) were included in the final analysis. When going from light to dark, iris volume did not change significantly in eyes in the FA group (+1.50 ± 6.73 mm³; P = 0.19), but decreased in the AC group by 1.52 ± 3.07 mm³ (P < 0.001). This difference was significant (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis after controlling for age, sex, baseline pupil diameter, and change in pupil diameter, age (β = −0.397; P < 0.001) and diagnostic category (AC versus FA group; β = 0.347; P < 0.001) were significant determinants of iris volume change. Conclusions.: With physiologic mydriasis, the iris volume decreased in eyes with chronic angle closure but remained unchanged in fellow eyes of APAC. Such variations in iris volume responses may influence the subtype of angle closure that develops.