The Role of Effective Mass of Carrier in the Photocatalytic Behavior of Silver Halide‐Based Ag@AgX (X=Cl, Br, I): A Theoretical Study

Abstract

The recent discovery of Ag@AgX (X=Cl, Br, I) plasmonic photocatalysts motivates us to elucidate the origin of the higher photocatalytic performance compared to commonly used TiO₂-based materials. Herein, the electronic structure and effective masses of electrons at the conduction band minimum (CBM) and holes at the valence band maximum (VBM) are studied along different directions in the silver halide for the first time by means of first-principles calculations. It is revealed that the smaller effective mass of electrons at the CBM in silver halides contributes to the higher photocatalytic performance. The remarkable dependence of the effective mass of holes on the direction and the anion of the silver halide explains well the experimental observed morphology and anion dependence of photocatalytic activities of Ag@AgX. The crystal field splitting of the Ag 4d bands in the valance band of silver halides is found to be a main factor leading to the large effective mass of the photogenerated holes and consequently to a weaker transfer ability. A new crystal design and exerting strain along the coordinate axis are proposed as solutions to decrease the effective mass of holes. The present work may be helpful in exploring this novel class of silver halide-based photocatalysts.