Proliferative responses in the local lymph node assay associated with concomitant exposure to 1,4‐phenylenediamine and methyldibromo glutaronitrile: evidence for synergy?
- 28 July 2008
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Contact Dermatitis
- Vol. 59 (2), 90-95
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01349.x
Abstract
A key consideration when undertaking risk assessments should be the potential for synergy between contact allergens. Previously, this concept has only been investigated during elicitation in contact allergic individuals. To determine whether there exists evidence for synergy between contact allergens during the induction phase of skin sensitization using the mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA) as a model system. Proliferative responses in draining lymph nodes were assessed with increasing concentrations of 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD), methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), and a combination of PPD and MDBGN. Data from each of two independent experiments show that lymph node cell proliferation associated with combined exposure to PPD and MDBGN was, in general, only modestly increased relative to that predicted from a simple summation of their individual responses. Although the increase in response is very modest, it does imply a relationship between this combination of sensitizers that may not be simply additive in terms of their ability to stimulate proliferative responses in draining lymph nodes. The reproducibility of this observation should be confirmed in future studies with additional pairs of contact allergens to ascertain whether or not this represents evidence of synergy.Keywords
This publication has 10 references indexed in Scilit:
- The local lymph node assay and the assessment of relative potency: status of validationContact Dermatitis, 2007
- Investigation of the dermal sensitization potential of various essential oils in the local lymph node assayFood and Chemical Toxicology, 2006
- Predictive identification of human skin sensitization thresholdsContact Dermatitis, 2005
- Utility of historical vehicle‐control data in the interpretation of the local lymph node assayContact Dermatitis, 2003
- Application of the risk assessment paradigm to the induction of allergic contact dermatitisRegulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2003
- A review of the scientific basis for uncertainty factors for use in quantitative risk assessment for the induction of allergic contact dermatitisContact Dermatitis, 2002
- Combined effects of irritants and allergensContact Dermatitis, 2002
- Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: a study of fragrance-sensitized individualsBritish Journal of Dermatology, 1998
- The fragrance mix and its constituents: a 14‐year materialContact Dermatitis, 1995
- Contact dermatitis with negative patch tests: the additive effect of allergens in combinationBritish Journal of Dermatology, 1990