Neurocysticercosis in patients with active epilepsy from the pig farming community of Lucknow district, north India

Abstract

Epilepsy is a major health problem worldwide, and neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the important causes of epilepsy in the tropics. The present study was carried out in a rural pig farming community of north India to estimate the prevalence of NCC in patients with active epilepsy (AE) and to determine the associated risk factors. Based on 30-cluster sampling recommended by WHO, a total of 1640 individuals belonging to 294 families from 30 villages were enrolled in the study. Demographic and socio-economic details of all individuals and families were recorded. Individuals with AE were identified by door-to-door survey. NCC was diagnosed by clinical, immunological, neuroimaging (brain magnetic resonance imaging) and epidemiological criteria. During the survey, 95 (5.8%) patients with AE were identified and clinically confirmed; 91 agreed to further evaluation for NCC and 44 (48.3%) of them fulfilled either definitive or probable diagnostic criteria for NCC. These 44 patients belonged to 37 households. Epilepsy in the family and no separate place for keeping pigs were identified as risk factors for NCC clustering in a family. The study shows a very high prevalence of AE in the pig farming community and NCC as its major cause. Since NCC is a preventable and potentially eradicable disease, appropriate intervention strategies may help to reduce the disease burden.