Electrochemical Activities in Li[sub 2]MnO[sub 3]
- 1 January 2009
- journal article
- Published by The Electrochemical Society in Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Vol. 156 (6), A417-A424
- https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3110803
Abstract
Li2MnO3Li2MnO3 is shown to be electrochemically active, with a maximum charge capacity of ∼350mAh∕g∼350mAh∕g and a discharge capacity of ∼260mAh∕g∼260mAh∕g at 25°C25°C . A total of 1mole1mole of Li can be extracted from Li[Li1∕3Mn2∕3]O2Li[Li1∕3Mn2∕3]O2 , and the first cycle efficiency is ∼66%∼66% regardless of state of charge. Larger charge-discharge capacity is obtained from materials with smaller particle size and larger amount of stacking faults. Composition and structural analyses indicate that Li are removed from both the Li and transitional metal layers of the material during charging. Results from X-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements suggest that the valence of Mn remains at 4+4+ during charging but is reduced during discharging. Charging is accompanied by gas generation: at 25°C25°C , oxygen is the main gas detected, and the total amount accounts for ∼1∕8mole∼1∕8mole of O2O2 generation from Li[Li1∕3Mn2∕3]O2Li[Li1∕3Mn2∕3]O2 . At an elevated temperature, amount of CO2CO2 increases due to electrolyte decomposition. Li2MnO3Li2MnO3 shows poor cycle performance, which is attributed to phase transformation and low charge-discharge efficiency during cycling. Low first-cycle efficiency, gas generation, and poor cycle performance limit the usage of Li2MnO3Li2MnO3 in practical batteries.Keywords
This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Synthesis and materials characterization of Li2MnO3–LiCrO2 system nanocomposite electrode materialsMaterials Research Bulletin, 2007
- Factors Influencing the Irreversible Oxygen Loss and Reversible Capacity in Layered Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2−Li[M]O2 (M = Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y and Ni1-yCoy) Solid SolutionsChemistry of Materials, 2007
- Interpreting the structural and electrochemical complexity of 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMO2electrodes for lithium batteries (M = Mn0.5−xNi0.5−xCo2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007
- Development and utility of manganese oxides as cathodes in lithium batteriesJournal of Power Sources, 2006
- Lithium–manganese oxide electrodes with layered–spinel composite structures xLi2MnO3·(1−x)Li1+yMn2−yO4 (0<x<1, 0⩽y⩽0.33) for lithium batteriesElectrochemistry Communications, 2005
- A Novel Fabrication Technique for Producing Dense Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1∕3–2x∕3)]Mn[sub (2∕3−x∕3)]]O[sub 2], 0≤x≤1∕2Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2005
- The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ‘composite’ xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodesElectrochemistry Communications, 2004
- Electrochemical and Structural Properties of xLi2M‘O3·(1−x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 Electrodes for Lithium Batteries (M‘ = Ti, Mn, Zr; 0 ≤ x ⩽ 0.3)Chemistry of Materials, 2004
- Understanding the Anomalous Capacity of Li/Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] Cells Using In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Electrochemical StudiesJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 2002
- Layered Cathode Materials Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] for Lithium-Ion BatteriesElectrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2001