Comparisons of forward, simultaneous, backward, and pseudo-conditioning.

Abstract

Instrumental finger withdrawal to shock technique is used. Conditioning is found significantly more frequently under forward conditions. Remaining conditions differ insignificantly from each other. The forward acquisition curve is conventional whereas the others appear to rise early in training and decrease during later training, possibly attributable to early onset generalization and later extinction Backward and simultaneous conditioning are interpreted as possible special instances of the pseudo-conditioning phenomenon.