Biphasic Effects of Moderate Drinking on Prolactin During Lactation
- 21 October 2008
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Vol. 32 (11), 1899-1908
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00774.x
Abstract
Background: Contrary to the popular lore that encourages women to drink alcohol as an aid to lactation, we previously showed that alcohol consumption disrupted lactational performance and the hormonal milieu of the lactating mother in the short term. Methods: Thirteen lactating women participated in a 4‐session, double‐blind, 2 × 2 within‐subject study to test several hypotheses related to the effects of alcohol on prolactin (PRL) responses and milk yield over time. The two within‐subject factors were beverage condition (control or 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol) and pumping condition (pumping occurred at fixed intervals once or twice during the 5.3‐hour session). Plasma PRL, blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), and milk yield were measured. Results: Alcohol consumption increased basal PRL levels (p < 0.0001) and modified the PRL response to pumping (p < 0.0001) but the directionality of the response depended on when pumping occurred along the BAC curve. Pumping enhanced PRL response when it occurred during the ascending BAC limb but blunted the response when it occurred during the descending limb, providing evidence that the effects were transient and of a biphasic nature. The slower the alcohol was metabolized, the greater the relative PRL response to breast pumping (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the PRL response between pumping sessions was also altered if women drank. If women pumped within the hour after drinking alcohol, the PRL response during the next pumping some 1.5 hours later, was delayed by a few minutes. Milk yield was significantly lower after drinking alcohol but such deficits were not significantly related to PRL or the speed at which alcohol was eliminated. Conclusions: Effects of alcohol on suckling‐induced PRL were biphasic in nature, but could not explain the deficits in lactational performance. Such findings provide further evidence that the dynamic changes in neuroendocrine state are integrally involved in alcohol’s effects over time and underscore the complexity of lactation.Keywords
This publication has 71 references indexed in Scilit:
- Maternal lactation characteristics after consumption of an alcoholic soup during the postpartum ‘doing-the-month’ ritualPublic Health Nutrition, 2008
- Acute ethanol modulates glutamatergic and serotonergic phase shifts of the mouse circadian clock in vitroNeuroscience, 2008
- What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans?Endocrine Reviews, 2007
- Stress, Dysregulation of Drug Reward Pathways, and the Transition to Drug DependenceAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 2007
- Protein hormones and immunityBrain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2007
- Relationships Among Plasma Zinc, Plasma Prolactin, Milk Transfer, and Milk Zinc in Lactating WomenJournal of Human Lactation, 2007
- Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Female Sex Steroids on Ethanol PharmacokineticsAlcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1999
- Serum prolactin increase induced by ethanol — a dose-dependent effect not related to stressPsychoneuroendocrinology, 1991
- Different pituitary ß-endorphin and adrenal cortisol response to ethanol in individuals with high and low risk for future development of alcoholismLife Sciences, 1989
- The effect of cry stimulus on the temperature of the lactating breast of primipara. A thermographic studyCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1969