Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a vicious cycle of immunosuppression
Open Access
- 10 January 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Vol. 17 (1), 1-15
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-1701-3
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly complicated by septic conditions, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and ischemic injury are major contributors to brain dysfunction, which arises from intractable immune malfunction and the collapse of neuroendocrine immune networks, such as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunction in these neuromodulatory mechanisms compromised by SAE jeopardizes systemic immune responses, including those of neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, which ultimately results in a vicious cycle between brain injury and a progressively aberrant immune response. Deep insight into the crosstalk between SAE and peripheral immunity is of great importance in extending the knowledge of the pathogenesis and development of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, as well as in exploring its effective remedies.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730057, 81842025, 81801935)
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