Analysis of Genetic Polymorphisms in CCR5, CCR2, Stromal Cell–Derived Factor–1, RANTES, and Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule–3–Grabbing Nonintegrin in Seronegative Individuals Repeatedly Exposed to HIV‐1

Abstract

To determine the influence of host genetics on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection, we examined 94 repeatedly exposed seronegative (ES) individuals for polymorphisms in multiple genes and compared the results with those for 316 HIV-1-seropositive and 425 HIV-1-seronegative individuals. The frequency of homozygous C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-Δ32 was higher in ES (3.2%) than in HIV-1-seropositive individuals (0.0%; P = .012). However, the CCR5-59029A, CCR2-64I, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1-3′A, RANTES (regulated on activation, normally T cell-expressed and -secreted)-403A, and RANTES-28G polymorphisms were not associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we identified novel variants in the DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule- 3-grabbing nonintegrin) repeat region and observed that heterozygous DC-SIGN reduced the risk of HIV-1 infection (3.2% in ES individuals vs. 0.0% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals; P = .011).