COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing B Cell Depletion Therapy and Those with Humoral Immunodeficiency States: A Scoping Review
Open Access
- 14 January 2021
- journal article
- Published by Case Western Reserve University in Pathogens & Immunity
- Vol. 6 (1), 76-103
- https://doi.org/10.20411/pai.v6i1.435
Abstract
Background: The role of humoral immunity has been well established in reducing infection risk and facilitating viral clearance in patients with COVID-19. However, the relationship between specific antibody responses and severity of COVID-19 is less well understood. Methods: To address this question and identify gaps in knowledge, we utilized the methodology of a scoping review to interrogate risk of infection and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with iatrogenic and inborn humoral immunodeficiency states based on existing literature. Results: Among patients with iatrogenic B-cell depletion, particularly with agents targeting CD20, our analysis found increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death across a range of underlying disease states. Among patients with humoral inborn errors of immunity with COVID-19, our synthesis found that patients with dysregulated humoral immunity, predominantly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 than patients with humoral immunodeficiency states due to X-linked agammaglobulinemia and other miscellaneous forms of humoral immunodeficiency. There were insufficient data to appraise the risk of COVID-19 infection in both populations of patients. Conclusions: Our work identifies potentially significant predictors of COVID-19 severity in patients with humoral immunodeficiency states and highlights the need for larger studies to control for clinical and biologic confounders of disease severity.Keywords
This publication has 81 references indexed in Scilit:
- Dendritic and T Cell Response to Influenza is Normal in the Patients with X-Linked AgammaglobulinemiaJournal of Clinical Immunology, 2012
- Matrix Protein-Specific IgA Antibody Inhibits Measles Virus Replication by Intracellular NeutralizationJournal of Virology, 2011
- Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potentialReviews in Medical Virology, 2011
- Overview of the immune responseJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2010
- Longterm Safety of Patients Receiving Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical TrialsThe Journal of Rheumatology, 2010
- Immunization responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab: Results from a controlled clinical trialArthritis & Rheumatism, 2009
- Granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiencyClinical Immunology, 2009
- Role of B cells in common variable immune deficiencyExpert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2009
- B cells in HIV infection and diseaseNature Reviews Immunology, 2009
- Measles virus protein‐specific IgM, IgA, and IgG subclass responses during the acute and convalescent phase of infectionJournal of Medical Virology, 2003