A Comparison of Polysomnographic Variables Between Adolescents with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with and without the Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: We aimed to determine the differences in polysomnographic variables between obese adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with and without metabolic syndrome, as the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is increased in adults with PCOS, OSAS has been regarded as a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increased in patients with PCOS. Methods: Fourteen obese adolescents with PCOS and metabolic syndrome [15.7 years ± 1.9, body mass index (BMI) 36.2 kg/m² ± 6.2], 14 obese adolescents with PCOS without metabolic syndrome (15.7 years ± 1.1, BMI 33.8 kg/m² ± 6.2), 19 healthy, obese adolescents without PCOS or metabolic syndrome (15.3 years ± 1.0, BMI 34.4 kg/m² ± 6.5), and 14 healthy, normal-weight adolescents (15.4 years ± 0.7, BMI 21.1 kg/m² ± 2.2) underwent polysomnography to compare transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (Sat O₂), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), the absolute number of obstructive apneas (NOA), percentage sleep stages 3 and 4 of non REM-sleep (stages 3 and 4), percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (%REM), sleep-onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Results: We found no differences among the four groups concerning AI, HI, AHI, NOA, and stages 3 and 4. Significant differences among the groups were found regarding Sat O₂ (P = 0.04), %REM (P = 0.03), sleep-onset latency (P = 0.002), and sleep efficiency (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Weight status, PCOS, and metabolic syndrome do not seem to have significant effects on respiratory polysomnographic variables in adolescent girls with PCOS, suggesting that the pathomechanisms leading to OSAS in patients with PCOS develop in the later course of the disease.