Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction

Abstract

A hypersensitivity reaction occurs in association with initiation of abacavir therapy as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in ∼3.7% of patients. The reaction is possibly the result of a combination of altered drug metabolism and immune dysfunction, which is poorly understood. White patients appear to be at higher risk and patients of African descent at lower risk of abacavir hypersensitivity. Clinical management involves supportive measures and discontinuation of abacavir therapy. Rechallenge with abacavir in a hypersensitive patient should be avoided because it might precipitate a life-threatening reaction.