The National Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program, 1994–2008
- 1 April 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in PEDIATRICS
- Vol. 129 (4), 609-616
- https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2866
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the trends and outcomes of the national Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program (PHBPP) for infants born from 1994 to 2008. METHODS: PHBPPs in state and city public health jurisdictions annually submitted program outcome reports to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The annual number of births to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive women was estimated and used to evaluate the percentage of PHBPP-identified HBsAg-positive pregnant women. PHBPP reports were used to assess program objectives achieved, and infant outcomes by 12 to 24 months of age. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2008, the estimated number of annual births to HBsAg-positive women increased from 19 208 to 25 600 (P < .001). The annual number of PHBPP-managed infants increased (P < .001), comprising 40.8% to 50.5% of the estimated number. On average, 94.4% of PHBPP-managed infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine within 1 day of birth. The percentage of infants who completed the vaccine series by age 12 months decreased from 86.0% to 77.7% (P = .004), but the percentage who received postvaccination testing increased from 25.1% to 56.0% (P < .001). Incidence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among tested infants decreased from 2.1% in 1999 to 0.8% in 2008 (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The PHBPP achieved substantial progress in preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in the United States, despite an increasing number of at-risk infants. Significant gaps remain in identifying HBsAg-positive pregnant women, and completing management and assessment of their infants to ensure prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission.This publication has 23 references indexed in Scilit:
- Estimating the Number of Births to Hepatitis B Virus-infected Women in 22 States, 2006The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2011
- Chronic hepatitis B in Asia—new insights from the past decadeJournal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2011
- The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States in the Era of VaccinationThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010
- Gaps in Hospital Policies and Practices to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B VirusPEDIATRICS, 2010
- Pregnancy and chronic hepatitis B virus infectionHepatology Research, 2010
- An Investigation of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Infections Among a High Risk PopulationThe Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2009
- Why we should routinely screen Asian American adults for hepatitis B: A cross-sectional study of Asians in CaliforniaHepatology, 2007
- Protective efficacy, immunotherapeutic potential, and safety of hepatitis B vaccinesJournal of Medical Virology, 2005
- Hepatitis B Vaccination in High‐Risk Infants: 10‐Year Follow‐UpThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999
- Revaccination against hepatitis B virus of non-responding and low-responding infants immunised at birth. A parallel evaluation of rubella and tetanus vaccineVaccine, 1998