Optimal Charge Control of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Deregulated Electricity Markets
Top Cited Papers
- 11 November 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
- Vol. 26 (3), 1021-1029
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2086083
Abstract
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are a midterm solution to reduce the transportation sector's dependency on oil. However, if implemented in a large scale without control, peak load increases significantly and the grid may be overloaded. Two algorithms to address this problem are proposed and analyzed. Both are based on a forecast of future electricity prices and use dynamic programming to find the economically optimal solution for the vehicle owner. The first optimizes the charging time and energy flows. It reduces daily electricity cost substantially without increasing battery degradation. The latter also takes into account vehicle to grid support as a means of generating additional profits by participating in ancillary service markets. Constraints caused by vehicle utilization as well as technical limitations are taken into account. An analysis, based on data of the California independent system operator, indicates that smart charge timing reduces daily electricity costs for driving from $0.43 to $0.2. Provision of regulating power substantially improves plug-in hybrid electric vehicle economics and the daily profits amount to $1.71, including the cost of driving.Keywords
This publication has 15 references indexed in Scilit:
- Demand Management of Grid Connected Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2008
- Impact assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles on pacific northwest distribution systemsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2008
- Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Testing, Simulations, and AnalysisPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2007
- Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid supportJournal of Power Sources, 2007
- Electric Drive Train Efficiency Analysis Based on Varied Energy Storage System Usage for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle ApplicationsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2007
- Grid power quality improvements using grid-coupled hybrid electric vehicles PEMD 2006Published by Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) ,2006
- Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energyJournal of Power Sources, 2005
- Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenueJournal of Power Sources, 2005
- Triumph of the OptimistsPublished by Walter de Gruyter GmbH ,2002
- Role of the electric vehicle as a distributed resourcePublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002