Galectin-3 interacts with naïve and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses

Abstract

The neutrophil is the first line of defense against infection. As a part of the innate immune response, neutrophils start to emigrate from blood to an affected site and their state is altered from passively circulating naïve to primed, and then to fully activated. The extent of neutrophil activation and their subsequent response varies depending on the stimuli and environment that neutrophils encounter. Because neutrophils can also induce deleterious effects on host tissues, tight regulation of recruitment and functions of neutrophils is required for efficient recovery. Galectin-3, a soluble β-galactoside binding protein, of which expression is up-regulated during inflammation/infection, is suggested to be involved in various inflammatory responses. However, the precise roles of this lectin in innate immunity remain unknown, while it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 binds to naïve and primed neutrophils. Here we report that galectin-3 can induce L-selectin shedding and interleukin-8 production in naïve and primed neutrophils. These activities were shown to be dependent on the presence of the C-terminal lectin domain and the N-terminal nonlectin domain of galectin-3, which is involved in oligomerization of this lectin. We also found that, after galectin-3 binds to neutrophils, primed but not naïve neutrophils can cleave galectin-3, mainly through elastase, which results in the formation of truncated galectin-3 lacking the N-terminal domain. Together, these results suggest that galectin-3 activates naïve and primed neutrophils, and galectin-3-activated primed neutrophils have an ability to inactivate galectin-3.