Tissue changes occurring in the Macaque rhesus monkey during orthodontic movement

Abstract

1. The edgewise appliance was used on nine experimental Macaque rhesus monkeys. 2. Many orthodontic movements were used and investigated, and the histologic results were analyzed. 3. Certain types of orthodontic movements cause more damage to the dental tissues than do others. Tip-back bends and torquing produce the greatest damage. 4. Light to moderate orthodontic forces appear to produce the least amount of damage. 5. In the experimental animals, the position of the fulcrum depends upon the type, amount, and direction of force applied to the tooth and on the physiologic reaction of the supporting tissues. 6. Tipping molar teeth to a distal-axial inclination will not increase their resistance to forward movement.