The Formation of Porous Oxides on Metals

Abstract
The porosity of the oxide scales formed on a number of metals during oxidation in dry oxygen has been investigated by measurements of specific surface and of density. The oxides formed during the linear oxidation of the eight metals: calcium, cerium, lead, magnesium, niobium, thorium, tungsten, and uranium are porous whereas those formed during the parabolic oxidation of copper and cobalt are impervious to oxygen gas.