A comprehensive review of the journal literature dealing with short-fiber reinforcement of various types of elastomers over the past decade indicates an underutilization of the potential for this type of reinforcing agent within the rubber industry. Whereas the properties of continuous cords are not necessarily duplicated by discontinuous fibers, a unique and useful behavior is imparted by this latter class of reinforcement to the rubber matrices containing them. In many cases, new capabilities are generated for elastomeric materials by the nature of the short fiber composite—it is not just a combination of cords and rubber, but effectively a different compound in which individual dispersed filaments can synergistically interact with the rubber, much like a polyblend or alloy. Moreover, the structure, and hence the properties, of this blend can be manipulated through the processing or fabrication operation, as well as by compounding. Thus, new opportunities are opened for growth and expansion of the classical rubber market.