Exploring the physiological effects of double‐cone coil TMS over the medial frontal cortex on the anterior cingulate cortex: an H215O PET study
- 11 April 2007
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in European Journal of Neuroscience
- Vol. 25 (7), 2224-2233
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05430.x
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using a double-cone coil over the medial frontal cortex has the potential to clarify the function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in cognition, emotion and mood disorders. Following demonstration of disruption of performance on psychological tasks closely linked to cingulate function using this TMS technique, the current study aimed to directly measure the regional distribution of physiological effects of stimulation in the brain with H2(15)O PET. Experiment 1 assessed the effect of increasing numbers of pulse trains of TMS on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Experiment 2 assessed the capacity of medial frontal TMS to modulate brain activity associated with the Stroop task using medial parietal TMS as a control site of stimulation. SPM99 analyses, using the ACC as a region of interest, revealed clusters of increased rCBF during medial frontal TMS in Brodmann area 24 and reduced rCBF in more ventral ACC, the latter occurring in both experiments. In a whole-brain analysis, striking changes in rCBF were observed distal to the ACC following medial frontal TMS. Although TMS reliably affected Stroop task performance in early trials, there was no interaction between TMS and Stroop condition in rCBF. Our results suggest that medial frontal TMS using the double-cone coil can affect ACC activity. However, a number of more distal cortical areas were also affected in these experiments. These additional changes may reflect either 'downstream' effects of altered cingulate cortex activity or direct effects of the coilKeywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Somatotopic organisation of the human insula to painful heat studied with high resolution functional imagingNeuroImage, 2005
- The primate amygdala and the neurobiology of social behavior: implications for understanding social anxietyBiological Psychiatry, 2002
- Functional MRI of cortical activations induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)NeuroReport, 2001
- Recognition of facial emotion in nine individuals with bilateral amygdala damageNeuropsychologia, 1999
- The counting stroop: An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging-validation study with functional MRIHuman Brain Mapping, 1998
- Suppression of Regional Cerebral Blood during Emotional versus Higher Cognitive Implications for Interactions between Emotion and CognitionCognition and Emotion, 1998
- Pain and Stroop interference tasks activate separate processing modules in anterior cingulate cortexExperimental Brain Research, 1998
- Safety of different inter-train intervals for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and recommendations for safe ranges of stimulation parametersElectroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control, 1997
- Functional MRI of Pain- and Attention-Related Activations in the Human Cingulate CortexJournal of Neurophysiology, 1997
- The Return of Phineas Gage: Clues About the Brain from the Skull of a Famous PatientScience, 1994