Maternal Use of Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Acetylsalicylic Acid During Pregnancy and Risk of Cryptorchidism
- 1 November 2010
- journal article
- perinatal
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Epidemiology
- Vol. 21 (6), 779-785
- https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181f20bed
Abstract
Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors—acetaminophen, ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid—have endocrine-disruptive properties in the rainbow trout. In humans, aspirin blocks the androgen response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and, because hCG-stimulated androgen production in utero is crucial for normal testicular descent, exposure to COX inhibitors at vulnerable times during gestation may impair testicular descent. We examined whether prenatal exposure to acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid was associated with increased occurrence of cryptorchidism. Methods: Our study used data on 47,400 live-born singleton sons of mothers enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort during 1996-2002. Cryptorchidism was identified in 980 boys during childhood, of whom 565 underwent orchiopexy. The use of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy was assessed in 3 computer-assisted telephone interviews and 1 self-administered questionnaire. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of cryptorchidism by Cox regression analysis. Results: Exposure to acetaminophen during both the first and second trimesters was associated with increased occurrence of cryptorchidism (HR = 1.33 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.77]). Exposure for more than 4 weeks within the postulated time-window of programming testicular descent (gestational weeks 8-14) was associated with a HR of 1.38 (1.05-1.83) for cryptorchidism. Exposure to ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid was not associated with cryptorchidism. Conclusion: Maternal intake of acetaminophen for more than 4 weeks during pregnancy, especially during the first and second trimesters, may moderately increase the occurrence of cryptorchidism.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cryptorchidism concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twin brothers, full brothers, and half-brothersFertility and Sterility, 2010
- Effect of Prostaglandins A-1, E-2 and F-2a on Blood Plasma Levels of Testosterone, LH and FSH in Male RatsAndrologia, 2009
- Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidismJCI Insight, 2008
- The True Incidence of Cryptorchidism in DenmarkJournal of Urology, 2008
- Luteinizing hormone in testicular descentMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2007
- Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammalsReproduction, 2007
- Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin F2α in Syrian Hamster Leydig Cells: Inhibitory Role on Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Stimulated Testosterone ProductionEndocrinology, 2006
- Arachidonic acid and its metabolites effects on testosterone production by rat Leydig cellsJournal of Endocrinological Investigation, 1995
- hCG Binding and Stimulation of Testosterone Biosynthesis in the Human Fetal TestisJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1977
- Studies on Human Sexual Development. III. Fetal Pituitary and Serum, and Amniotic Fluid Concentrations of LH, CG, and FSHJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1976