Eye white percentage as a predictor of temperament in beef cattle
Open Access
- 1 June 2009
- journal article
- perspectives
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Animal Science
- Vol. 87 (6), 2168-2174
- https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1554
Abstract
Accurately evaluating and selecting for calm temperament in beef cattle is important for economic and animal welfare reasons. Previous studies have shown that eye white (EW) can be a predictor of a multitude of emotions across different situations, but there is little research on the relationship between EW and temperament. The objective of this experiment was to assess the accuracy and reliability of using the percentage of exposed EW as a predictor of temperament in beef cattle. Forty-eight heifers (group 1), 39 bulls (group 2), and 60 steers (group 3) were video-recorded while in a squeeze chute, and 2 still digital images from each animal were selected for EW determination. Chute temperament scores were assigned: 1 (calm) to 5 (agitated). Flight speeds were measured blindly and independently during a subsequent test in which the amount of time it took a solitary animal to pass a handler and travel a specified distance was recorded. The EW area in each image was measured using Sigmascan Pro 5 and was expressed as the percentage of exposed eye area. Each image was analyzed twice to determine tracing repeatability. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated among 2 images of the same animal, as well as among duplicate readings of the same image to determine animal and tracing repeatabilities. The mean percentages of EW were 30.14 ± 14.37, 31.43 ± 14.77, and 28.57 ± 12.38, and the average percentage accuracy for duplicate image EW measures was 96, 96, and 93 (P < 0.0001) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for EW percentage and chute temperament scores were 0.674 (P < 0.0001), 0.95 (P < 0.0001), and 0.696 (P < 0.0001), whereas the correlations between EW and flight speeds were 0.415 (P < 0.0001), 0.333 (P < 0.05), and 0.294 (P < 0.01) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Results from this study indicate that percentage EW in cattle could be used as a quantitative tool with minimal equipment to assess temperament in beef cattle, providing an objective method for temperament selection.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- Laterality and emotions: Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) differs with objects' emotional valuePhysiology & Behavior, 2008
- Technical note: Exit velocity as a measure of cattle temperament is repeatable and associated with serum concentration of cortisol in Brahman bulls1Journal of Animal Science, 2006
- Consistency of flight speed and its correlation to productivity and to personality in Bos taurus beef cattleApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 2006
- Eye white may indicate emotional state on a frustration–contentedness axis in dairy cowsApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 2002
- Estimating genetic variability in temperamental traits in German Angus and Simmental cattleApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 2001
- Relationships between temperament and growth in a feedlot and commercial carcass traits of Bos indicus crossbredsAustralian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1997
- Influence of breed and rearing management on cattle reactions during human handlingApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 1994
- Behavioral agitation during handling of cattle is persistent over timeApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 1993
- Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat qualityAustralian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1988
- Social behaviour and adrenal cortical activity in heifersApplied Animal Ethology, 1982