Architecture and applications of a high resolution gated SPAD image sensor
Top Cited Papers
- 11 July 2014
- journal article
- Published by Optica Publishing Group in Optics Express
- Vol. 22 (14), 17573-89
- https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.017573
Abstract
We present the architecture and three applications of the largest resolution image sensor based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) published to date. The sensor, fabricated in a high-voltage CMOS process, has a resolution of 512 × 128 pixels and a pitch of 24 μm. The fill-factor of 5% can be increased to 30% with the use of microlenses. For precise control of the exposure and for time-resolved imaging, we use fast global gating signals to define exposure windows as small as 4 ns. The uniformity of the gate edges location is ∼140 ps (FWHM) over the whole array, while in-pixel digital counting enables frame rates as high as 156 kfps. Currently, our camera is used as a highly sensitive sensor with high temporal resolution, for applications ranging from fluorescence lifetime measurements to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and generation of true random numbers.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01-GM069709, R01-GM095904)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (SNF 51NF40-144633)
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