Designing of PLA scaffolds for bone tissue replacement fabricated by ordinary commercial 3D printer
Open Access
- 16 October 2017
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Biological Engineering
- Vol. 11 (1), 1-21
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-017-0074-3
Abstract
The primary objective of Tissue engineering is a regeneration or replacement of tissues or organs damaged by disease, injury, or congenital anomalies. At present, Tissue engineering repairs damaged tissues and organs with artificial supporting structures called scaffolds. These are used for attachment and subsequent growth of appropriate cells. During the cell growth gradual biodegradation of the scaffold occurs and the final product is a new tissue with the desired shape and properties. In recent years, research workplaces are focused on developing scaffold by bio-fabrication techniques to achieve fast, precise and cheap automatic manufacturing of these structures. Most promising techniques seem to be Rapid prototyping due to its high level of precision and controlling. However, this technique is still to solve various issues before it is easily used for scaffold fabrication. In this article we tested printing of clinically applicable scaffolds with use of commercially available devices and materials. Research presented in this article is in general focused on “scaffolding” on a field of bone tissue replacement. Commercially available 3D printer and Polylactic acid were used to create originally designed and possibly suitable scaffold structures for bone tissue engineering. We tested printing of scaffolds with different geometrical structures. Based on the osteosarcoma cells proliferation experiment and mechanical testing of designed scaffold samples, it will be stated that it is likely not necessary to keep the recommended porosity of the scaffold for bone tissue replacement at about 90%, and it will also be clarified why this fact eliminates mechanical properties issue. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the size of an individual pore could be double the size of the recommended range between 0.2–0.35 mm without affecting the cell proliferation. Rapid prototyping technique based on Fused deposition modelling was used for the fabrication of designed scaffold structures. All the experiments were performed in order to show how to possibly solve certain limitations and issues that are currently reported by research workplaces on the field of scaffold bio-fabrication. These results should provide new valuable knowledge for further research.Keywords
Funding Information
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (No. LO1309, CZ.1.05/41.00/16.0346)
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky (No. 16-14758S)
- Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (No. 16-28637A, No. 15-33629A)
- České Vysoké Učení Technické v Praze (No. SGS10/051/OHK2/1T/12)
This publication has 64 references indexed in Scilit:
- Poly(lactic acid) modificationsProgress in Polymer Science, 2010
- Geometric cues for directing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cellsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
- Molecular dynamics simulations on the interaction between polymers and hydroxyapatite with and without coupling agentsActa Biomaterialia, 2009
- Resorbable polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: The influence of their microstructure on the growth of human osteoblast‐like MG 63 cellsJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2008
- Surface characterization and cell response of a PLA/CaP glass biodegradable composite materialJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007
- Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesisBiomaterials, 2005
- Mechanical modelling of cell/ECM and cell/cell interactions during the contraction of a fibroblast-populated collagen microsphere: theory and model simulationJournal of Biomechanics, 2004
- Proliferation rate of fibroblast cells on polyethylene surfaces with wettability gradientJournal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004
- The influence of micro-topography on cellular response and the implications for silicone implantsJournal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 1996
- The mechanical behaviour of cancellous boneJournal of Biomechanics, 1985