Electrospray Characteristic Curves: In Pursuit of Improved Performance in the Nanoflow Regime
- 27 September 2007
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Analytical Chemistry
- Vol. 79 (21), 8030-8036
- https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0707986
Abstract
Depending on its coordinates in the parameter space, an electrospray can manifest in one of several known regimesstable, quasi-stable, transitional chaotic, and nonaxialthat ultimately impact measurement sensitivity and precision. An electrospray operating in the cone-jet regime provides relatively large and stable spray current, as well as smaller initial droplets, that are prerequisites for higher sensitivity and quality mass spectrometric analyses. However, the dynamic conditions encountered, for example, in gradient elution-based liquid separations create difficulties for continuous operation in this regime. We present a preliminary study aimed at providing the basis for stabilizing the electrospray in the cone-jet regime. On the basis of spray current measurements obtained using solvent conditions typically found in liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry, an improved description of the cone-jet stability island is provided by including transitions to and from the recently described astable regime. Additionally, the experimental conditions in which the astable regime marks the transition between pulsating and cone-jet regimes are further clarified.Keywords
This publication has 36 references indexed in Scilit:
- Chemically Etched Open Tubular and Monolithic Emitters for Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass SpectrometryAnalytical Chemistry, 2006
- Pulsation Modes and the Effect of Applied Voltage on Current and Flow Rate in NanoelectrosprayAnalytical Chemistry, 2006
- Electrospray Diagnostics by Fourier Analysis of Current Oscillations and Fast ImagingAnalytical Chemistry, 2005
- Singularity during the Onset of an Electrohydrodynamic SpoutPhysical Review Letters, 2000
- Challenges in achieving a fundamental model for ESIAnalytica Chimica Acta, 2000
- Inhalable aerosol selector for the CIP 10 personal aerosol samplerJournal of Aerosol Science, 1999
- The semiphenomenological classification of the modes of electrostatic dispersion of liquidsJournal of Electrostatics, 1995
- Durable Gold-Coated Fused Silica Capillaries for Use in Electrospray Mass SpectrometryAnalytical Chemistry, 1995
- Electrostatic spraying of liquids in cone-jet modeJournal of Electrostatics, 1989
- Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltonsAnalytical Chemistry, 1988