Long-Term Persistence of Activated Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes after Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System
Open Access
- 18 May 1998
- journal article
- Published by Rockefeller University Press in The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Vol. 187 (10), 1575-1582
- https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.10.1575
Abstract
Mice intranasally inoculated with influenza A/X-31 are protected against a subsequent intracerebral challenge with the neurovirulent influenza A/WSN and this heterotypic protection is mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have studied the kinetics of this secondary immune response and found that despite the elimination of replication-competent virus by day 10, we were able to recover activated influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that killed freshly ex vivo from the brains of mice for at least 320 d after the intracerebral inoculation. The activated antiviral CTLs expressed high levels of the early activation marker CD69, suggesting continuing TCR signaling despite a lack of viral protein and major histocompatibility complex staining by immunohistochemistry in the brain parenchyma and barely detectable levels of viral nucleic acid by single and two-step reverse transcription PCR. Local persistence of activated lymphocytes may be important for efficient long-term responses to viruses prone to recrudesce in sites of relative immune privilege.This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
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