Selective disruption of MMP-2 gene exacerbates myocardial inflammation and dysfunction in mice with cytokine-induced cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pathophysiological role in the development and progression of heart failure. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Recent evidence suggests a protective role for this protease against tissue inflammation. Although MMP-2 is upregulated in the failing heart, little is known about its pathophysiological role. We thus hypothesized that ablation of the MMP-2 gene could affect cardiac remodeling and failure in TNF-α-induced cardiomyopathy. We crossed transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of TNF-α (TG) with MMP-2 knockout (KO) mice. Four groups of male and female mice were studied: wild-type (WT) with wild MMP-2 (WT/MMP^+/+), WT with MMP-2 KO (WT/MMP^−/−), TNF-α TG with wild MMP-2 (TG/MMP^+/+), and TG with MMP-2 KO (TG/MMP^−/−). The upregulation of MMP-2 zymographic activity in TG/MMP^+/+ mice was completely abolished in TG/MMP^−/− mice, and other MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase were comparable between groups. Survival was shorter for male TG/MMP^−/− than TG/MMP^+/+ mice. Female TG/MMP^−/− mice were more severely affected than TG/MMP^+/+ mice with diminished cardiac function. Myocardial TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines were increased in TG/MMP^+/+ mice, and this increase was similarly observed in TG/MMP^−/− mice. The extent of myocardial infiltrating cells including macrophages was greater in TG/MMP^−/− than in TG/MMP^+/+ mice. Selective ablation of the MMP-2 gene reduces survival and exacerbates cardiac failure in association with the increased level of myocardial inflammation. MMP-2 may play a cardioprotective role in the pathogenesis of cytokine-induced cardiomyopathy.