This study reports on efforts to use the Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey to estimate the effect that manpower training programs have had on participants' earnings. Estimation techniques are developed to control for non-random selection into the program based on individual unobservables which are either constant and/or changing over time, as well as non-random selection because of "creaming" by program administrators. The study finds that, in general, fixed effects estimators are sufficient to eliminate the bias created by non-random selection. While women appear to benefit substantially from manpower training programs, no significant earnings effects were found for men participants.