Dopamine Agonist Withdrawal Syndrome in Parkinson Disease

Abstract
Drugs that increase mesocorticolimbic dopamine, such as cocaine and amphetamines, produce physical and psychological dependence (addiction) and stereotyped withdrawal syndromes after prolonged, heavy use. Withdrawal syndromes are substance specific and commonly include anxiety, panic attacks, dysphoria, irritability, agitation, pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, diaphoresis, and drug cravings. These symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social/occupational functioning and can lead to suicidality.1