Hypertension and Obesity in Adults Living in a High HIV Prevalence Rural Area in South Africa
Open Access
- 17 October 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 7 (10), e47761
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047761
Abstract
Hypertension and excess body weight are major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In countries with a high HIV prevalence, it is unknown how increased antiretroviral treatment and care (ART) coverage has affected the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. We conducted a health survey in 2010 based on the WHO STEPwise approach in 14,198 adult resident participants of a demographic surveillance area in rural South Africa to investigate factors associated with hypertension and excess weight including HIV infection and ART status. Women had a significantly higher median body mass index (BMI) than men (26.4 vs. 21.2 kg/m2, p2) in women (31.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 30.2–32.4) was 6.5 times higher than in men (4.9%, 95% CI 4.1–5.7), whereas prevalence of hypertension (systolic or diastolic blood pressure≥140 or 90 mm Hg, respectively) was 1.4 times higher in women than in men (28.5% vs 20.8%, p2 lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. The BMI of HIV-infected women and men not on ART was on average 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.6) and 0.4 (95% CI -0.1–0.9) kg/m2 lower than of HIV-negative women and men, respectively. Obesity was a bigger risk factor for hypertension in men (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.99, 95% CI 2.00–4.48) than in women (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39–1.92) and overweight (25≤BMI<30) was a significant risk factor for men only (aOR 1.53 95% CI 1.14–2.06). Our study suggests that, cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension and obesity differ substantially between women and men in rural South Africa.Keywords
This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- Verbal autopsy-based cause-specific mortality trends in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2000-2009Population Health Metrics, 2011
- The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environmentsThe Lancet, 2011
- Cohort Profile: Hlabisa HIV Treatment and Care ProgrammeInternational Journal of Epidemiology, 2010
- Sex differences in obesity rates in poor countries: Evidence from South AfricaEconomics & Human Biology, 2009
- High HIV incidence in a community with high HIV prevalence in rural South Africa: findings from a prospective population-based studyAIDS, 2008
- Cohort Profile: Africa Centre Demographic Information System (ACDIS) and population-based HIV surveyInternational Journal of Epidemiology, 2007
- Cardiovascular disease prevention with a multidrug regimen in the developing world: a cost-effectiveness analysisThe Lancet, 2006
- Cardiovascular Mortality in Overweight SubjectsHypertension, 2005
- The prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with obesity: results from a national blood pressure survey in EritreaJournal of Human Hypertension, 2005
- Weight Loss and Wasting Remain Common Complications in Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyClinical Infectious Diseases, 2000